What is an electrical output component that converts electrical energy into linear mechanical force?

The correct answer is a solenoid. A solenoid functions as an electromechanical device that converts electrical energy into linear mechanical motion. When an electrical current passes through the coil of wire in a solenoid, it creates a magnetic field, which then pulls a movable rod or plunger (the armature) into the coil. This results in linear force that can be used to perform mechanical work, such as activating a switch or opening a valve.

The transformer, while an important electrical component, is designed to transfer electrical energy between circuits through electromagnetic induction and does not produce mechanical movement. A capacitor stores electrical energy temporarily and releases it when needed, but it does not convert energy into mechanical force. A relay operates as an electrically controlled switch, allowing one circuit to control another, but it does not directly produce linear mechanical force like a solenoid does.